IPSec and Cryptography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IPSec and Cryptography - Research Paper Example IPsec is extremely essential since it offers various answers for virtual private Networking (VPN), by giving correspondence protection from untrusted organize like the web. Cryptography alludes to the difference in plaintext data into a coded structure. The point of cryptography is to offer the fundamental security and outskirts access to private data. This paper offers an away from of the significant elements of IPsec comparable to the cryptographic capacities utilized by the convention suite during the parcel trade process. The paper further talks about the impediments of the IPsec according to the pre-owned calculations and assaults against IPsec. Elements of IPsec There are various capacities that the IPsec performs. To start with, the IPsec is utilized for information secrecy. The capacity is accomplished by the IP sec sender encoding the information bundles preceding sending them to another system. The subsequent capacity is information respectability. This requires the IPsec r ecipient to confirm the information parcels got from the IPsec sender so as to ensure the wellbeing of the got information bundles. The third capacity of IPsec is information validation. This empowers the IP sec recipient to affirm the starting point of the sent IPsec bundles, in spite of the fact that the achievement of this capacity depends on the information administration. The replay work is the fourth capacity played by the IPSec (Pachghare, 2009). In the execution of this capacity the IP sec recipient is equipped for detecting and wiping out the rehashed parcels. The above administrations are offered at the IP layer, hence they can be utilized at any upper layer convention. For example, TCP, UDP, and ICMP, just to make reference to a couple. The IP DOI is likewise liable for the arrangement of the IP pressure; this is accomplished through the encryption that is done in the IPsec. This frustrates adequate pressure by the lower convention layers (Elkelany, 2002). At the IP layer , the IPsec offers the vital security that permits the framework to pick the reasonable security conventions, build up the calculations to be utilized for the undertaking and rearrange the cryptographic keys expected to offer the application. IPsec are fit for giving adequate security to more than one way between an assurance entryway and host (Pachghare, 2009). IP sec can build up the territories that are defenseless to assaults, accordingly giving the important security. This is accomplished by arranging affirmation records that are further interfaced in the crypto map sets (Pachghare, 2009). Now the traffic might be picked in basing on the birthplace and goal. There can be a few clients on a specific traffic, and simultaneously the crypto map set may have a few confirmation records. So as to ensure the security, a particular arrangement must be utilized while looking the crypto maps. The traffic as a rule attempts to coordinate the parcel so as to pick up induction. At the point when parcel gain permission to a particular information list, the relating crypto map is set apart as Cisco and the necessary associations made. IPsec is normally enacted at whatever point the crypto association is set apart as ipsec-isakmp. Without the SA that the IPsec can use to give the insurance to the influenced courses, the Internet Key Exchnage (IKE) is typically used to talk about with the confined clients so as to concoct the necessary IP sec to encourage the smooth spilling of data. The conversations are typically founded on the information determined in the crypto m

A Book Review of Philip Dicks Blade Runner free essay sample

This paper examines the novel Blade Runner, through the creators aim and history. This paper inspects the novel, 'Cutting edge Runner,' through two significant inquiries, what is the creators message and what is the chronicled significance of this novel? The paper gives a foundation to the sci-fi plot and the focal subject of the book, human character. It further spotlights on the focal character, Rick Deckard, and his job key to that topic. The work bases on the topic of being human. San Francisco Police abundance tracker Rick Deckard finds maverick androids who have gotten away from settlement universes and resigns them. The catch is that these androids are so human-like in appearance that nobody can tell from taking a gander at them whether they are genuine (for example human) or not thus that Deckard needs to figure out what they are before he can know whether to murder them. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Book Review of Philip Dicks Blade Runner or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He has, as it were, to have the option to investigate their spirits, into their souls.

Risks in the Project Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dangers in the Project Management - Case Study Example The creator of the paper expresses that venture the board stays away from issues related with the task (Reiss, 2007, p.2). Thus so as to achieve a task effectively job of an undertaking administrator is huge (Gido and Clements, 2008, p.303). All in all, an undertaking is confronted with three requirements result, spending plan and time (Thomsett, 2009, p.7). In this manner to conquer these constraints the control procedure must need to solid. The case involves around two organizations in particular ACME fabricators and Arbor businesses. Summit fabricator is setting their new production line and office at a semi-semi-rustic. The organization is socially capable and might want their premises to be cleaner and greener. Henceforth so as to complete finishing exercises, the organization welcomed delicate. Arbor ventures, an organization engaged with the exercises of finishing was chosen for the task. So as to guarantee portrayals from both the sides Arbor has selected a task administrator to direct the entire procedure while the account director of ACME was given the job of supervising the undertaking. The task was running easily until the recently leveled yards got harmed because of overwhelming vehicles. Because of this wonder, the main gathering between the two gatherings occurred to choose the issue relating to harming of the grass. Be that as it may, to sift through the issue there were verbal understandings between the two agents. As things began to move on easily, the account supervisor out of nowhere left the organization. The new delegate who originated from the side of ACME was unconscious of the verbal agreements and a few other inside issues. This has prompted colossal disarrays between the two organizations and made disappointment. By the by, the undertaking finished before the cutoff time however with a surpassing spending plan. After the fulfillment of the task, the senior administrators found that the outcomes were unsuitable, and didn't look like th e proposed sketch. The following portion of the report will talk about the issues brought up for the situation. A post-venture survey is fundamental for the assessment of task execution (Hedeman, Haren and Heemst, 2006, p.103). In this specific situation, it will essentially sift through contrasts between the two gatherings. A post-venture survey is characterized as a definitive conventional assessment of the task that inspects any new exercises which may profit the future activities (Zedtwitz, 2002, p.256). How might you set about directing such an audit? The evaluation is tied in with inspecting what turned out badly with the venture and what should be possible to improve the nature of future projects.â

The Martian Chronicles One Story, or Many - Literature Essay Samples

When reading a collection of short stories, there isn’t usually a viable connection made between the various stories in the compilation. Whether it be Mark Twain’s collection of satirical stories, or Edgar Allen’s Poe’s anthology of horror tales, each story is its own; miscellaneous plots, opposing characters, and varying themes. However, upon reading Ray Bradbury’s collection of short stories entitled The Martian Chronicles, one might discover that it is simply not the case. Bradbury’s short stories are of the science fiction genre, and the stories are set from 1999-2026. Instead of each story having an individual storyline, there is a kind of background story that you understand as you read through the compilation. To summarize, the humans of Earth attempt to explore Mars through four different expeditions, but ultimately fail. Eventually, the humans prevail and begin to colonize Mars. After a while, war breaks out back on Earth, and everyo ne evacuates Mars and returns home to Earth. Only a few are left, and at the end, some humans end up returning to Mars to start life there over. Despite the fact that these are eac separate and individual stories, they are connected by three main things; the use of interchapters and chronology, characters, and themes. The stories progress chronologically (beginning in January of 1999 and ending in October of 2026. Instead of each story being individual, the timeline makes the book seem like one big story. Bradbury created inter chapters after he decided to publish the book as a whole, which makes the reading flow much more. The characters of each story do vary, but certain characters and story lines that inevitably come with those characters do reappear throughout the piece. Though Bradbury utilizes multiple themes throughout the construction of the short stories, a select few stand out and reinforce the general ideas that Bradbury is trying to express through his writing. Though th is is a compilation of short stories, and each one has it’s individual aspects, the timeline, characters, and themes throughout the tale show the reader that this collection isn’t really multiple stories; it’s just one. Bradbury wrote most of his short stories to be published individually throughout the 1940’s. It wasn’t until 1958 that he actually assembled the stories together to create one book. When Bradbury first put the stories together, it was a simple compilation of short stories. But when Bradbury put all these stories together, the whole story in general was much greater than its individual parts. Instead of a disconnected series, the compilation became an actual novel that explored many themes and symbols of the human drive for exploration and survival. Bradbury needed something in between the main stories to make the story progress with more ease. Called â€Å"interchapters, these short sketches were originally used by John Steinbeck in his novel, The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck used these interchapters to temporally distance the reader from the current storyline and get them to focus on the bigger picture. In The Martian Chronicles, the interchapters were actually written after Bradbury published the compilation. Theyre not about the specific characters that are brought forth in the regular chapters. Instead, they focus on the main storyline of the people of Earth’s exploration of and eventual attempt to create life on a new planet. â€Å"The Settlers†, â€Å"The Locusts†, â€Å"The Shore†, and â€Å"The Interim† are all interchapters that show the progressive colonization of Mars by the humans. We see the humans becoming more and more greedy of the space and resources of Mars, and begin to take more and more of it for themselves. This shows mores the big picture story of the humans slowly beginning to settle on Mars. These interchapters are dispersed throughout the novel to show the colonization as a continuous movement, and makes the collection seem more like one big story. â€Å"The Watchers† is an interchapter that shows the transition between the slow settling on Mars and the jolting realization that a return to Earth was needed. These interchapters help the flow of the story as well as make the collection seem more like an actual book. The aspect of chronology kind of goes along with the idea of interchapters; each chapter is set at a date after the next, showing that eve rything is happening right after the previous event (like a book), instead of randomly making each story set at different dates. The implication of certain characters throughout the novel is another example of how the collection is actually one big story. Characters that are introduced to us early on reappear later in the book in different stories that have different plot lines. Sam Parkhill is one example of a reoccurring character. Parkhill was first introduced to us in â€Å"And The Moon Be Still As Bright† as one of the team members of the Fourth Expedition. He then returns to the story in â€Å"The Off Season†, as he is trying to open a hot dog stand on Mars. In a real book, characters reappear during the writing, so the use of Parkhill in more than one story reaffirms that the collection is more like one story. In a book, we see characters either change and adapt, or stay the same. Parts of Parkhill have changed; instead of trying to destroy Mars, he is now trying to make some kind of a life for himself on it and is using the resources he has. However, his negative personality traits still shine through; his greed, his temper, and his rudeness (he shoots one of the Martians for no good reason). Dr. Hathaway and Captain Wilder are also characters who make a reappearance much later in the book. They were, like Parkhill, both originally from â€Å"And The Moon Be Still As Bright†. They are then featured in â€Å"The Long Years†, where Hathaway is living with his family on Mars. Wilder still exhibits the same traits as he did in the previous story; leadership and intelligence, as well as curiosity. Now, he has travelled to many more places in the universe, and the telling of his journey makes it seem like there has been a continuous story going on the whole time. Hathaway dies in the end, which creates some sort of finale; a character’s ultimate final transition. The reappearance of characters throughout the book definitely makes it seem like one big story, instead of many. Bradbury utilizes multiple themes in his short stories, a lot of which fit in with the science fiction genre. The themes of freedom, isolation, culture, dreams, hope, and sadness are used for some of the specific stories, such as isolation in â€Å"The Silent Towns† and culture in â€Å"And the Moon Be Still As Bright†. The themes of human exploration, change, and technology v. nature are probably the most prevalent in Bradbury’s writing, and contribute to the story as a whole, instead of specific parts. Human exploration is an extremely common theme in the genre of science fiction, which majorly concerns the people of Earth constantly in search for life somewhere besides our planet. Often times, this concludes in the finding of life on these other planets, and sometimes this life can be considerably hostile. Human exploration is mentioned not only in one of the short stories, but all of them. In fact, the general story of The Martian Chronicles focuses largely on human exploration; â€Å"The First Expedition†, led by Captain Nathaniel York, took off from Earth to attempt to discover life on Mars. Despite it’s almost immediate demise, a second, third, and even fourth expedition also venture out to find something bigger than themselves. Though all expeditions fail miserably, the humans don’t give up. After more persistence and determination, colonization is eventually reached on Mars. This brings up the more negative side of human exploration. In our past, explora tion has brought about many positives; discovering new cultures, accumulating different ideas, making strong alliances†¦however, there has always been a downside to the aspect of exploration; humans are greedy. Like we’ve seen in throughout history, when humans discover a new culture, they do everything they can to obtain complete power and control over that culture. Bradbury’s writing mirrors this history. This is shown from the beginning, when the humans first begin to colonize on Mars (which is an obvious note to the Europeans coming to settle in the Americas in the 1600’s). Chapters such as â€Å"The Settlers†, â€Å"The Locusts†, â€Å"The Shore†, and â€Å"The Interim† are examples of humans progressively taking over Mars. In â€Å"And the Moon Be Still As Bright†, members of the Fourth Expedition already begin to recklessly destroy parts of the Martian culture without thought. Spender speaks to the captain about how he believes the humans will eventually destroy Mars, and says, â€Å"Well rip it up, rip the skin off, and change it to fit ourselves† (Bradbury 71). In â€Å"The Naming of Names†, the humans actually begin to rename some of the places on this new planet. Another theme widely recognized in this collection is that of change. This is pretty obvious, considering the humans are changing their entire lives to move to a new planet. Not only this, but the Martians are also forced to change and adapt to this new and curious species that has invaded their home; â€Å"By the years end the Firemen had raked the autumn leaves and white xylophones away, and it was no more fun† (10) This theme, like human exploration, contributes mostly to the main plot and the story as a whole. As the story progresses, we see more and more change being both accepted and forced upon the characters, Martian and human alike. Throughout the book we see examples of things changing, such as the rocket changing winter into summer in Rocket Summer†, and the names of these places changing in â€Å"The Naming of Names†. Also, the settlers move in and colonize on Mars, which definitely constitutes change. We see Martians change from looking like one thing to looking like another in many of the stories. But the theme of change not only deals with the physical changes these characters are going through; it also shows the internal changes that are portrayed in all of the stories. These examples include people trying to stop change, like Yll killing off the human explorers just to preserve his unhappy marriage, or Spender attempting to stop the Fourth Expedition from destroying the Martian culture. We see emotional changes in these characters, such as when Timothy moves to his new home on Mars and realizes that there has been a permanent change; â€Å"Just behind the veil of the vacation was not a soft face of laughter, but something hard and bony and perhaps terrifying† (43). These changes prompt the question: will humans change themselves, or will we keep making the same mistakes over and over? The transformation of these individuals is one of the novelties that makes this book more of a drawn out story, rather than short piece s where we’ll never know the fate of our changed characters. Technology v. nature is a hugely recognized theme in the genre of science fiction literature. There is usually an abundance of new and exciting technology that is mentioned in sci-fi writing; time travel, rocket ships, curious devices†¦however, the lesson to be learned from this is that nature almost always prevails, despite the latest machinery. The Third Expedition boats that it has â€Å"superior weapons† (101), yet this doesn’t seem to help the humans whatsoever. In â€Å"And The Moon Be Still As Bright†, Spender is angry because he feels that the men should preserve the environment on Mars instead of trying to destroy it. He argues that we the Martians have an advantage over us because they stopped trying to overcome nature; â€Å"Because Ive seen that what these Martians had was just as good as anything well ever hope to have. They stopped where we should have stopped a hundred years ago† (212). The humans also try to change Mars by colonizing, but Mars prevails in the end. This theme is used throughout the book to show the ever standing fight between nature and technology. When Bradbury wrote each of these short stories, he wrote them as an individual piece. But after a while, he realized that the whole story was much greater than it’s individual parts. Though The Martian Chronicles is a compilation of these stories, they are all really connected by three main things; the use of interchapters and chronology, characters, and themes. The use of interchapters helps the reading flow more, and connects each chapter to make one long story. The utilization of a chronological timeline shows that each event happened after the previous, and it is one long event from the first expedition of Mars to the last men standing. The implication of reoccurring characters is something that is used in most novels, and makes the compilations seem more representative of a narrative. The usage of certain themes shows that the entire collec tion is really trying to express a few main ideas; the pros and cons of human exploration, change, and nature v. technology. Though this is a compilation of short stories, and each one has it’s individual aspects, the timeline, characters, and themes throughout the tale show the reader that this collection isn’t really multiple fragments; it’s one story about human exploration, change, ambition, and finding out that we are not, in fact, alone. Works Cited Bradbury, Ray. The Martian Chronicles. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958. Print.

The Characteristics of Gender Diversity in the Boardroom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2272 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Literature Essay Type Research paper Tags: Gender Essay Did you like this example? Literature Review The characteristics of gender diversity in the boardroom and their impact on firm performance post Lord Davies Report (2011-2014) 1.INTRODUCTION 2.THE LITERARURE REVIEW 2.1Agency theory perspectives on Gender diversity 2.2Resource Dependence theory perspectives on Gender diversity 2.3Behaviouraltheory perspectives on Gender diversity 2.4Evidence of empiricism on Gender diversity research 1. INTRODUCTION This proposed research will investigate the relationship between the corporate performance and gender diversity in a sample of 30 FTSE 100 companies for the period post Lord Davies Report (2011-2014). It will also explore the perspectives, which women bring to the board and it will focus on the following research question: RQ: An examination of the characteristics of gender diversity in the boardroom and their impact on firm performance? Sub-questions: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Characteristics of Gender Diversity in the Boardroom" essay for you Create order To determine the gender diversity on the board of 30 FTSE 100. Impact of gender diversity on internal measures of firm performance. Impact of gender diversity on external measures of firm performance. Does UK need mandatory quotas on the female board representation? 2. THE LITERARURE REVIEW The overall structure of the literature review, takes the form of 2 Sections, including Introduction and Conclusion. A considerable amount of literature has been published on theoretical foundation of the proposed research. These theories have been dominated by Agency theory, Resource Dependency theory and Behavioural theory. 2.1 Agency theory perspectives on Gender diversity Carter at el (2003) have reported that there is relationship between board diversity and firm value in the context of agency theory, as outlined by (Fama, Jensen, Michael University of Chicago,Center for Research in Security Prices, 1982). Agency theory is based on the antagonism between the Agent (the board) and the Principal (shareholders) when their interests do to not coincide (Berne Means, 1932; and Jensen Meckling, 1976). Conflict between the Agent and the Principal more likely to happen when the company does not perform as well as it could. Carter at el (2003) suggest the gender diversity enhances the boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to monitor top management and motivate them to increase companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value. In addition to this, Carter at el (2003) indicate that women more likely to ask the difficult questions in the boardroom than men, which could improve the boardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s independence (Campbell and Miguez-Vera, 2008). The agency theory views b oard of directors as an internal control mechanism for safeguarding shareholder interests from managerial opportunism (Hillman Dalziel, 2003). 2.2 Resource Dependence theory perspectives on Gender diversity The Resource Dependence theory (RDT) emphasizes the differences in board composition that may impact upon companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance. The RDT maintains that the board is an essential link between the firm and the external resources that a firm needs to maximise its performance (Pfeffer Salancik, 1978). Boards of directors are a primary linkage mechanism for connecting a firm with sources of external dependency. By selecting a director with valuable skills, influence, or connections to external sources of dependency, the company can reduce dependency and gain valuable resources (Hillman Dalziel, 2003). RDT does not primarily focus on the gender diversity however it indicates that the board should be diverse and directorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ occupational and functional experiences match the needs of companies (Corporate linkages and organizational environment: a test of the resource dependence model. 1990).There is an attempt to integrate agency and RTD theory and sho w that presence of women on board improves companiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ performance (Hillman at el, 2007). 2.3 Behaviouraltheory perspectives on Gender diversity BasedonBehaviouraltheory,adiversifiedboardhasmore comprehensive formation available to it and is quicker at decision making (Cyert at el, 1963). Amason (1996) finds that heterogeneous groups have better quality decision making than homogenous groups because of the breadth of information availability is higher with a heterogeneous group than a homogenous group. Miller et al. (2009) suggest that this relationship operates through two mediators: firm reputation and innovation. In the above context, Behavioural theory has been further extended by developing a Behavioral theory explanation of boards and corporate governance (Van Ees at el, 2009). 2.4 Evidence of empiricism on Gender diversity research Although the literature review will cover diversity management, it will focus on the link between diversity and performance of listed companies in UK. The literature review groups under two themes first one will examine impact of the gender diversity on the external measures of corporate performance and second one will look into internal measures. Cox Blake (1991) study suggested that managing diversity can create a competitive advantage. Their ideas were further explored by Robinson Dechant (1997), who listed various reasons including business growth and effective problem-solving. Based on Milliken and Martinsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1996) model on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Effects of Diversity in Organizational Groupsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, it can be argued that gender diversity impacts organizational processes and, in particular, outcomes such as turnover and performance. Compared to the diversity of other demographic attributes, gender diversity appears to be the most widely addres sed in the literature. Erhardt et al (2003) indicates that gender diversity in the board diversity is positively associated with these financial indicators of firm performance such as return on equity and return on assets. Carter at el (2003), who examined the board diversity overall, has found a positive link between the presence of women or minorities and the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value. Accordingly to Carter at el (2003), gender diversity has a positive impact on financial performance through the audit function. Women in the boardroom have been a hot topic in the UK media discussions in the past decade as well as governmental initiatives on the corporate governance reforms. Higgs report commissioned by DTI (Higgs Report, 2003) identified that diversity could increase the board effectiveness. This report shows a strong link between good corporate governance and gender diversity in the boardroom. The Higgs report followed by the Tyson report (Tyson report, 2003), which suggest ed looking into the wider pool of suitable candidates to the boardroom to promote diversity equal opportunities for diverse candidates. Catalyst study (2004-2008) presented the business case for attracting more women to the boardroom. Catalyst used the data of female board representation from 353 of Fortune 500 companies and three measures of financial return on sales (ROS), return on invested capital (ROIC), and return on equity (ROE) and established a positive link between gender diversity and financial performance. Claude Francoeurà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s research (2007) further examines how the presence of women in the boardroom enhances firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance by taking Catalyst findings and information and adding into consideration the complexity of the firm and risk facing the company. He supports the positive effects of female board members and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢indicates that firms operating in complex environments that have a high proportion of wom en officers do experiment positive and significant monthly abnormal returns of 0.17%, which can intuitively be extrapolated to a 6% return over 3 years.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Campbell and Minguez-Vera (2008) has looked into the impact of gender diversity on both: external and internal measures. They continue to explore previous researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interest of the impact on the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value and used Tobin Q to measure Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value (Tobins Q = Total Market Value of Firm / Total Asset Value of Firm), However a negative relationship between board gender diversity and ROA has been shown. They also have identified the following internal measures affected: the monitoring role of the board of directors, board increased creativity and innovation Krishnan Parsons (2008) study addresses the impact of the gender diversity on the external measures of firm performance such accounting earning quality. They have found a positive relat ion between gender diversity and an accounting earning quality. Adams Ferreira (2009) indicate that a gender diverse board able to monitor the firm performance better because female board members attend the board meeting more regularly. However they also point out that there is a negative effect of the gender diversity such as fewer takeover defences and variability of the stock return. Accordingly to Nielsen and Huse (2010), female board members have different professional experience and values. That is why women can bring a positive influence to decision-making and effectiveness of the board processes. If the board is a well-diversified one then it will enhance the firm performance by having more effective decision-making process and creating a positive corporate image of equality and inclusion (Rhode Packel 2010). Further study in this field indicated that increased levels of diversity could be harmful to company performance (Carter et al., 2010). UK government is looking into improving the gender balance in the boardroom by encouraging major companies to appoint women into the top jobs. Corporate Governance Code (2010) states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the search for board candidates should be conducted, and appointments made, on merit, against objective criteria and with due regard for the benefits of diversity on the board, including genderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Further UK governmental support to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢business caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ for Gender Diversity was established by Lord Davies of Abersochà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s review in February 2011, which called for a target of 25 per cent of each FTSE 100 Board to be female by 2015 (Davies,2011). On 26 March 2014, two important reports were published on gender diversity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Davies Review Third Annual Report and Cranfieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Female FTSE Board Report 2014. Both contain data on the number of women on large company boards. The statistics given are as at 3 March 2014 an d show that women accounted for 20.7% of all FTSE 100 directorships (Davies et al, 2014 and Vinnicombe et al, 2014). 3.0 Conclusion It is evident that in the examined above empirical works, authors agree that Gender Diversity on Boards are important. At the same time, it is clear also that there is not conclusive evidence, which will show the Impact of Gender Diversity on Firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Performance as well as its impact on external and measures because researchers use different approaches and different samples. One criticism of much of the literature on Gender Diversity is that researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ views differ on the subject of how the board can become a gender diverse one for example by attracting one woman or more or whether the board should have an equal representation of both genders. FTSE 100 companies will soon reach the 25% target for female representation but the issue of UK Board Diversity should not be concerned with gender only it should address o ther aspects of Diversity. Further research will be needed to assess the impact of the Board Diversity once the board will include representatives from UK diverse population. References Corporate linkages and organizational environment: A test of the resource dependence model, (1990) Strategic Management Journal, 11 , pp. 419-30. Women on boards: February 2011. (2011) Lord Davies. Women on boards: third annual review (2014), Lord Davies and steering group Adams, R. B. and Ferreira, D. (2009) Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance, Journal of Financial Economics, 94 (2), pp. 291-309. Amason, A. C. (1996) Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams, Academy of Management Journal, 39 (1), pp. 123-148. Berle, A. A, Means A, Gardiner C., (1932) The modern corporation and private property, New York: Macmillan. Campbell, K. and Minguez-Ve ra, A. (2008) Gender diversity in the boardroom and firm financial performance, Journal of Business Ethics, 83 (3), pp. 435-451. Carter, D. A., DSouza, F., Simkins, B. J. and Simpson, W. G. (2010) The gender and ethnic diversity of US boards and board committees and firm financial performance, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18 (5), pp. 396-414. Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J. and Simpson, W. G. (2003) Corporate governance, board diversity, and firm value, Financial Review, 38 (1), pp. 33-53. Carter, N. M. and Wagner, H. M. (2011) The bottom line: Corporate performance and Womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s representation on boards (2004à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"2008), Catalyst, . Council, F. R. (2010) The UK corporate governance code, London: Financial Reporting Council, . Cox, T. H. and Blake, S. (1991) Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness, The Executive, pp. 45-56. Cyert R., March M., James G., (1963) A behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D. and Shrader, C. B. (2003) Board of director diversity and firm financial performance, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11 (2), pp. 102-111. Fama, E. F., Jensen, M. C., University of Chicago.,Center for Research in Security Prices., (1982) Agency problems and residual claims. Chicago: Center for Research in Security Prices, Graduate School of Business. Francoeur, C., Labelle, R. and Sinclair-DesgagnÃÆ' ©, B. (2008) Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management, Journal of Business Ethics, 81 (1), pp. 83-95. Higgs, D. (2003) Independent review of non-executive directors, Higgs Report, . Hillman, A. J., Shropshire, C., Cannella, A. A., (2007) Organizational predictors of women on corporate boards. Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Journal, 50 (4), pp. 941-952. Hillman, A. J.,Dalziel, T., (2003) Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrati ng agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management Review Academy of Management Review, 28 (3), pp. 383-396. Jensen, M. C. and Meckling, W. H. (1976) Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (4), pp. 305-360. Krishnan, G. V. and Parsons, L. M. (2008) Getting to the bottom line: An exploration of gender and earnings quality, Journal of Business Ethics, 78 (1-2), pp. 65-76. Miller, T. and del Carmen Triana, M. (2009) Demographic diversity in the boardroom: Mediators of the board diversityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"firm performance relationship, Journal of Management Studies, 46 (5), pp. 755-786. Milliken, F. J. and Martins, L. L. (1996) Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups, Academy of Management Review, 21 (2), pp. 402-433. Nielsen, S. and Huse, M. (2010) The contribution of women on boards of directors: Going beyond the sur face, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18 (2), pp. 136-148. Pfeffer, Jeffrey., Salancik,Gerald R., (1978) The external control of organizations : a resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper Row. Rhode, D. and Packel, A. K. (2010) Diversity on corporate boards: How much difference does difference make? Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Working Paper, (89). Susan Vinnicombe, O., Doldor, E. and Turner, C. The female FTSE board report 2014. Tyson, L. (2003) The Tyson report on the recruitment and development of non-executive directors, A Report Commissioned by the DTI, London Business School, . Van Ees, H., Gabrielsson, J. and Huse, M. (2009) toward a behavioral theory of boards and corporate governance, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17 (3), pp. 307-319. Page | 1

Corporate Social Responsibility Csr Essay - 1988 Words

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in its most simple of terms is a vision. More specifically, it is a vision that in a way almost minimizes what may be better for a company’s shareholders and investors, and increases its focus on things including the environment, its employees, its role in benefiting the surrounding communities and society, and more importantly making sure that we can continue to grow, thrive, and be self-sustaining. In short, it is a business model that puts an emphasis on the future over its profits. CSR comes from an evolving view that current and future generations deem it unacceptable for businesses and corporations to conduct business under a blanket of secrecy. All the written, and unwritten laws concerning competition as well as sustainability are being rewritten. There are numerous factors that are pushing businesses to adopt some sort of CSR model including, but not limited to the shrinking role of government, demands for greater disclosure, increased customer interest, competitive labor markets, and lastly, supplier relations (Corporate Social Responsibility, 2013). Despite the potential costs, frustrations, additional work and preplanning of a business adopting a CSR model, it is not without potential rewards that positively impact the company the environment, and our community. 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This has resulted in the emerging interactions between organizations and social segments thus giving riseRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1173 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is highly important to Millennials. If a company is lacking a CSR plan, now it a good time to start one. Millennials are looking for ways in making a positive impact on the world and are expecting the same from companies. They are looking for companies that contribute to the betterment of communities and the environment. Millennials put great value in supporting such brands, companies and organizations that share these values. Companies without a CSR in placeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr979 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon globally known for many years. In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

Psychometric Evaluation of Global Emotional †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Psychometric Evaluation of Global Emotional. Answer: Introduction Enthusiastic insight (EI) has been proposed both as a vital expansion to the scene of human individual contrasts and as a key determinant of genuine results, for instance accomplishment in work and individual connections. The possibility that individuals vary in their enthusiastic aptitudes is an engaging one which has pulled in much late open consideration Research on the psychometrics of EI is however still in its beginning periods, leaving various uncertain research issues which should be tended to. The most fitting technique for estimating EI is presently a zone of debate. EI has been described by a few specialists as an intellectual capacity including the psychological handling of passionate data which ought to be estimated by capacity composes tests. An elective way to deal with EI suggests that it is a dispositional propensity which can along these lines be estimated without anyone else's input report survey. The principle supporters of the capacity and dispositional approaches are Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey (2000). It is important to deal with the relations between trait EI and its putative outcomes. For example it is frequently proposed that the high interpersonal skills associated with EI should also be associated with career success and evidence for associations between EI and occupational success have been reported by Bar-On (2000). Academic progress in students might also be expected to be related to EI since emotional and social skills in dealing with a university environment could contribute to overall achievement. Schutte et al. (1998) reported that trait EI was positively related to grade point average but this finding was not replicated in a larger study by Newsome, Day, and Catano (2000). Other proposed outcomes of particular interest in the present study include success in social and personal relationships and general measures of life quality. The general expectation is that those aspects of emotional intelligence associated with intra-personal and interpersonal emotional facility would be expected to lead to positive associations with happiness/life satisfaction and quality and extent of social interactions and negative associations with loneliness. Because mood regulation is a subcomponent of EI, it would be expected to be negatively associated with measures of depression. There are some findings in th is area but further work is required. Trait EI has been found to be positively correlated with life satisfaction (Martinez-Pons, 1997). A progression of investigations of attribute EI have discovered direct and sometimes extensive connections between's these measures and identity qualities. Attribute EI measures for the most part indicate expansive critical correlations with Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N) with positive and negative signs, individually, while littler huge positive connections with Openness (O), Agreeableness (An) and Conscientiousness (C) have likewise been discovered (Dawda and Hart, 2000; Petrides and Furnham, 2001; Schutte et al., 1998). One approach to evaluate the issue of the uniqueness of attribute EI is to analyze its incremental legitimacy in the expectation of life results, i.e. its capacity to anticipate out-comes when the influences of identity are controlled for. There are as of now not very many outcomes here yet attribute EI has been appeared to have incremental legitimacy in the forecast of life (Palmer et al., 2014). To estimate the psychometric properties of an online emotional intelligence questionnaire with forty questions, 326 participants were enrolled by Qualtrics, a professional examining association who spends significant time in surveying research. They were enlisted from existing on the web boards possessed by Qualtrics, from the individuals who have concurred in the past to sociological surveying research. Participants were informed about the experiment procedure and allowed to leave at any stage of the conducted workshop conducted by the ethical committee of the university. 287 participants mostly in the age bracket of 20 years were finally selected with 68 male and 214 females after the workshop session. Ethical form designed by ethical committee was provided to the participants and was returned by putting their signature. There was no control group for this study as no hypothetical testing was done. GEIT (https://globalleadershipfoundation.com/geit/eitest.html) was used to assess the EI scores. University laboratory was used for the purpose of conducting the test. The investigator collected the answers from online survey and organised according to the GEIT40 components. Sample matching and sorting were done in few stages, starting with distinguishing some objective populace with a characterized set of qualities. In the present examination, the parameters such as age, sexual orientation were distinguished. Second, utilizing their online answers a separation work was then ascertained based on the numerical score separation of every individual. The questionnaire asked to respond to the questions related to emotional intelligence, personality traits and self-esteem. The examinees were guided for the content of the questionnaire distressing them and the Monash University counsellors were available for assistance. Participants demographic Sample data was categorised demographically in two sections based on gender with 24.1 % male and 74.6 female participants. Average age was 21.84 years (S.D =3.76 years) and was considered as a categorical variable. Table 1: Participant Demographic Statistics Age Range 19-48 Mean Age for all Participants 21.84 Standard Deviation for all Participants 3.76 Total Number of Participants (N) 287 Split By Sex Mean Age for all Women 21.54 Standard Deviation for all Women 2.95 Total Number of Women (N) 282 Mean Age for all Men 22.42 Standard Deviation for all Men 4.64 Total Number of Men (N) 68 Results Findings Five GEI scores were more than 90% valid and excess validity was cross checked. GEI question numbers (components) 4, 8, 9, 12, 20, 27, 37 did not differentiated between the people as validity scores were equally distributed. The average global total EI score was 27.18 (S.D was 4.99), TEIQue was 146.66 (S.D was 20.61), BFI extraversion was 25 (S.D was 6.81), BFI agreeableness was 34.48 (S.D was 5.94), BFI conscientiousness was 31.42 (S.D was 6.15), BFI neuroticism was 25.35 (S.D was 6.06) and BFI openness was 35.03 (S.D 5.94). Table 2: Descriptive values for GEI BFI scores Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation GEIT_Total 287 2.00 38.00 27.1847 4.98992 TEIQue 287 91.00 200.00 146.6620 20.61436 BFI_Extraversion 287 10.00 40.00 25.0000 6.81063 BFI_Agreeableness 287 11.00 45.00 34.4843 5.94429 BFI_Conscientiousness 287 15.00 45.00 31.4216 6.15760 BFI_Neuroticism 287 9.00 38.00 25.3519 6.06418 BFI_Openness 287 20.00 50.00 35.0314 5.94577 Valid N (listwise) 287 Internal Consistency The Cronbachs Alpha was 0.72 for 40 items of GEIT, and the data of the scores were found to be acceptably reliable as the alpha value was between 0.7 and 0.8 Table 3: Reliability Measure Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items N of Items .723 .728 40 Factor Analysis The 40 things of the GEIT were subjected to corroborative important segments investigation (PCA). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin esteem was 0.68 which was more noteworthy than the suggested estimation of .60 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was huge, supporting factorability of the grid. A four factor arrangement was determined, and to help translation Verimax pivot was performed. Table 4: KMO Baetletts test values Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .679 Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1767.996 df 780 Sig. .000 Correlation Matrix Correlations between all 40 items were calculated. The significance levels of the inter correlations were also noted. Inter correlation was also found between GEIT total and TEQue score and between GEIT total score and big five scores. Not all of them were greater than 0.3 to be significantly related. TEQue had significant correlation with big five measures of personality traits. GEI total had low positive correlation with BFI Conscientiousness and negative correlation with BFI neuroticism. The variance explained by the 40 items was recorded and percentage explanation was taken into account for effect size. The Scree plot for the fraction of total variance was explained by figure1. Four distinct contrasts were observed in total variance explained matrix and hence four factors were studied in Verimax rotational matrix. This matrix exhibited the un-rotated factor loadings of each of the items on the four components obtained from factor analysis. The absolute value of correlation was greater than 0.4 between the rotated components (appendix table 13). For four components, not all the rotated factors loaded well. Factor one and two with correlation values greater than 0.5 loaded well in component 4. In component 1 factors 9, 10, and 20 loaded well with significant correlations (appendix table 23). From factor analysis existence of four factors was well supported. The effect size was found to be satisfactory. Forty item GEIT scores were correlated in accordance with earlier results. TEQue score and total big five scores were compared with total GEIT score and was found to be in line with earlier research works (appendix table 24). The after effects of exploratory and corroborative factor investigation of the attribute EI size of Schutte et al. (1998) introduced here presents a reproduction of the four-factor structure acquired by Petrides and Furnham (2000). The discoveries are additionally in concurrence with the reasonable system of EI as a multidimensional build. The elements demonstrate some cover with the applied model of John D. Mayer (1996). Such a progressive model would be normal on the premise that self-reports of different areas of passionate aptitudes would be required to be emphatically correlated. The example of connections of quality EI with identity and different measures found in the present investigation is by and large as per the desires depicted in the presentation and with discoveries from different examinations (Newsome et al., 2000). Relationships between's quality EI scores and different measures were additionally examined. Add up to GEI scores was observed to be correlated with add up to TEQui score and with the verbal and execution sub-scales, recommending that characteristic EI as characterized by this specific measure is unmistakable from psychometric knowledge, affirming past discoveries of feeble or non significant relationship between quality EI and insight (Derksen et al., 2002). As discussed above and talked about in more detail somewhere else (Petrides, Pita et al., 2007), an attention on area particular parts of identity will be helpful for hypothetically determined research that accentuates replication and clarification. This objective isn't best served by imagination about that happily relapse criteria on five wide, thoughtfully inconsequential variables (Big Five). Feelings are yet a solitary, yet major, space of identity, and it will be important to stretch out attribute EI hypothesis to envelop other vital areas such as social, individual, and Meta cognitive areas. The acknowledgment of this point holds guarantee for the mix of self-idea, self-adequacy, and false knowledge models into the standard scientific classifications of identity. The TEIQue has been intended to give far reaching scope of the sampling space of characteristic EI that is of the feeling related parts of identity There are a few confinements to this investigation that ought to be considered. The first is the example estimate utilized as a part of the present examination and the way they were directed crosswise over statistic subgroups. Moreover, factor investigation normally requires substantial test sizes to accomplish dependability in assessing the models. Future research should in this manner reproduce these discoveries on bigger examples to guarantee the dependability of the models, and therefore the discoveries. Second, despite the fact that GEIT was utilized as a part of the present investigation to inspect the structure of the BFI for reasons for having the capacity to contrast it with different examinations utilizing comparative techniques (Schmitt and Allik, 2005), different strategies ought to be used. Reference Stough, D. H. Saklofske, and J. D. Parker,Advances in the assessment of emotional intelligence. New York: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-88370-0_5 Derksen, J., Kramer, I., Katzko, M. (2002). Does a self-report measure for emotional intelligence assess something different than general intelligence?.Personality and individual differences,32(1), 37-48. Harary, F., Palmer, E. M. (2014).Graphical enumeration. Elsevier. Martinez-Pons, M. (1997). The relation of emotional intelligence with selected areas of personal functioning.Imagination, Cognition and Personality,17(1), 3-13. Mayer, J. D., Geher, G. (1996). Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion.Intelligence,22(2), 89-113. Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space.British journal of psychology,98(2), 273-289. Saklofske, D., Austin, E., Minski, P. (2003). Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 707- 721.doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00056-9 Schutte, N., Malouff, J., Simunek, M., Mckenley, J., Hollander, S. (2002). Characteristic emotional intelligence and emotional well-being.Cognition Emotion,16(6), 769- 785. doi: 10.1080/0269993014300 Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem.Journal of personality and social psychology,89(4), 623. Van der Zee, K., Thijs, M., Schakel, L. (2002).The relationship of emotional intelligence with academic intelligence and the Big Five.European Journal of Personality,16(2), 103-125.

Qualitative Research Paper Example Essay Example

Qualitative Research Paper Example Essay Statement of research question In this paper I’m going to demonstrate my knowledge of the qualitative methods of research applying them to a specific issue – the experience of Chinese students studying in Britain. First of all, I’ll start with a general overview of the existent qualitative methods of research focusing on advantages and disadvantages of each. Then, I’m going to choose a specific method most applicable to the problem in question and justify my choice. After it, I’m going to describe the specific details of the use of the chosen method in order to make a comprehensive conclusion. Details of methods to be used Qualitative methods of research are a well-established academic tradition in such fields as sociology, anthropology, history and geography. It’s characterized by certain principles, and they are should be better perceived not only as a discrete set of tools and techniques, but as complementary methods which can be used along a continuum of overlap with other methods. The main attention is dedicated to understanding different perceptions, aspirations and interests and how these impact the information about facts and events rather than trying to reduce them to one vision of reality. For instance, men and women often have different accounts of levels of family wealth and roles in the decision-making in family. Different people often have different views on power relations within organizations or companies. Qualitative research addresses these differences as indicators of relative power and as likely explanatory aspects in differential results of intervention. Qualitative research is also heuristic, interpretative and inductive. It develops freely rather than restricts itself to initial hypotheses or problem. Every study begins with an intensive familiarization with the context, institutions and policies to be researched and progressively have an overall comprehension of the related processes. Due to the focus on understanding complexity the scope and emphasis on the study are continually redefined as knowledge various aspects of the process enhances and new issues are brought in the limelight. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Research Paper Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So, qualitative methods usually comprise (O’Connor, 2004): Participant-Observation Ethnography Photography Ethnomethodology Dramaturgical Interviewing Sociometry Natural Experiment Case Study Unobtrusive Measures Content Analysis Historiography Secondary Analysis of Data Studying the specific problem – the experience of Chinese students studying in Britain – I decided that this problem is interview. Interview allows gathering sufficient amount of information while taking into account a variety of perspectives. This method is known for the fact it allows to collect the most comprehensive information during face-to-face communication. It helps receive trustworthy responses because contact between the interviewers and interviewed is generated. Comparing all the methods described above, I can make a conclusion that this specific method is most relevant to the study of the problem in question, and although it’s rather effort and time consuming, it can render the most accurate picture. Details of selection strategy For the purposes of the research, I completed a questionnaire. It had two parts: the first part covered the issues related to study, while the second focused on the issues not related to study. I include the sample of this questionnaire: Part IAre you satisfied with studying in Britain? What field are you studying in? What was the reason for coming to Britain to study? Is language barrier an obstacle to studying? How is education system/process different in China and Britain? Do you plan to return find employment here or back home? Do you find knowledge and skills received during the course of your studies sufficient to become a good specialist? Do you feel that university facilities (i.e. libraries, computer classes, gyms) meet all your needs? Do you like the professors and the way they teach? Do you think that the atmosphere in the classroom is open and good for studying? What do you like most about studying in Britain? Did British education meet your expectations? What was the major disappointment about studying in Britain? Part IIDo you find British people friendly and helpful? Do you find your fellow students friendly and helpful? Did you feel a cultural shock after arriving to Britain? Did you find the authori ties (e.g. school authorities or dorm warden) supportive? Have you made friends with British students? If yes, how quickly and with how many people? Do you usually hang out with Chinese or British students? Where do you usually hang out? What do you do? Would you have a chance to do the same in China? Do you live at the dorm or somewhere else? If you live in the dorm, what do you think about living conditions, regulations, and atmosphere in the dorm? How student life is different in Britain and China? In your view, where are students’ right protected better, in Britain or China? Do you participate in extra-curriculum activities? Have you ever had a British girl/boyfriend? Do you think that British society is more liberal when it comes to question like sex or alcohol? What is the best and worst habit you’ve got into while studying in Britain? Have you ever noticed any signs of xenophobia, intolerance or discrimination towards you? There were also certain ad hoc questions. Senior students were asked one more question about their perceptions of Britain, school, and student life changing over the years. After synthesizing the raw data, I was able to get the general picture. As for the issues related to study, students reported high level of satisfaction related to the quality of studies. They often cited the reason for coming to Britain to study: China simply doesn’t have such good schools like in Britain. Students were especially excited about the opportunity to choose subjects themselves. The majority of male respondents study in the technical or economic field, the most widely cited examples were engineering, business administration and finance. Girls usually study philology and management. The students were fully satisfied with the facilities their universities offered, though many of them reported that the most reputable schools in China also have good equipment. The education system in Britain was more â€Å"serious,† as some students called it. In China, the dominant type of higher education institution is the so-called short-cycle college, while in Britain universities prevail. Language barrier was (and is) a problem for many Chinese students. Some of the students confessed that they were inherently shy, language barrier being an additional obstacle they were often afraid of speaking out. In the classroom, they were often silent and inactive because of the combination of these two factors. They also noticed that the professors focused more on the stronger students than weaker ones, while in China it’s vice-verse. The professors were reported to be very friendly and highly qualified, and many Chinese students recalled one or two professors that were helping them a lot during the whole course of studies. Many students believe that knowledge and skills acquired while studying in Britain were sufficient to become good specialists in their field. The strongest side of British education, in their view, is its closeness to real life – professors use practical example and often have much experience in the subject. The overwhelming majority was confident of their will to return to China to make a career – British diploma automatically guarantees them good employment chances. However, girls admitted that in China for a woman it’s still hard to find a decent job. Therefore girls would prefer to stay in Britain or go to some another country to study further or start a career. Generally, the most depressing experience for almost all the students were the feelings of embarrassment and helplessness during the first days in college or during a new course. They also experienced same feelings when performed badly during the studies. Chinese students are very diligent and hardworking, and discovering that their knowledge in a certain field is scarce due to the differences in high school curricula was a very unpleasant thing for them. One of the students even told me about the concept of â€Å"loosing face† applied to this issue. This concept is deeply rooted in Chinese culture and entrenched in virtually all aspects of social life. This concept is used to refer to a situation of public humiliation, and that’s one of the worst things that can happen to a Chinese. Therefore, this sort of experience was reported as painful and depressing. As for the social experience, here the students admitted the existence of certain problems. While they never noticed any signs of open discrimination, many of them failed to integrate fully in the student life. Though many British people were seen as friendly, some of them were indifferent and reluctant to help. (Getting these answers was especially hard and I had to tell them many stories of me facing discrimination abroad in order to have them talking about the way they really felt). But they told that the authorities were doing their best to help them. As for cultural shock, many students told that they wouldn’t describe their emotion after arriving to Britain as a shock. There was much surprise and confusion, but very few dared to call it a shock. Those who had had experience traveling abroad before coming to Britain told that the cultural shock was much stronger upon arriving to other countries, like the US or Russia. The only thing that was strikingly different was the concept of privacy. Chinese students were not used to privacy and had to learn to respect privacy of other students. Students believes that the national character of the British was very similar to Chinese – same respect for the law and tradition, same emphasis on holding back one’s emotional, same respect for cool reason and reserved character. However, the Chinese admitted that all these characteristics applied only to the older generation – fellow students were most frequently described as â€Å"crazy.† Still, Chinese students reported hanging out predominantly with the students of their own nationality. Chinese students named many British buddies and acquaintances, yet â€Å"true friends† were still to be found among the Chinese. Few spoke about British girl/boyfiend, and that was usually a short-term relationship. Chinese students quickly adopted the lifestyle of British students – the most widely cited leisure activity was a movie and pizza. Again, it took time to get the students talking, but many of them reported starting drinking and smoking in Britain. They believed that the British society was far more liberal than Chinese. Students living at the dorm described the atmosphere there as â€Å"incredible† with parties and accessible sex. Student life, as the Chinese students reported, was more vigorous in Britain, but they told it was â€Å"badly organized.† While the emphasis was on self-organization, this approach often failed. Details of access strategy and role to be adopted Now I’ll pass over to explaining the details of the use of interviewing process. I negotiated access to different groups of Chinese students ranging from freshmen to PhD students in the most convenient way – interviewing students at the faculty and dorm. As for the persona to choose, I introduced myself as a student from another university with a deadline for the coursework approaching. This generated compassion of the interviewed towards to interviewer. However, I didn’t express any familiar notes, because one of the weaknesses on this researched method is that interviewee may distort information through recall error, selective perceptions, desire to please interviewer. Strategy for recording and analysis When the interviewee grants permission, the easiest strategy for recording will be video/audio taping. In other cases, it should be summarized in notes. Detailed recording is a necessary part of interviews. Carefully crafted interview guides with ample space for taking down the interviewee’s answers are needed. As for data transcription and analysis, three strategies exist. According to the first one, â€Å"the interviewer (or in some cases the transcriber) listens to the tapes and writes a verbatim account of everything that was said. Transcription of the raw data includes word-for-word quotations of the participant’s responses as well as the interviewer’s descriptions of participant’s characteristics, enthusiasm, body language, and overall mood during the interview.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) The major strengths of this transcription method are its completeness and a chance it affords for the interviewer to stay attentive and focused. The major weaknesses are the amount of time and effort necessary to produce complete transcriptions and the inhibitory impact tape recording has on some interviewees. The second strategy â€Å"draws less on the word-by-word record and more on the notes taken by the interviewer or assigned notetaker†¦This approach is recommended when resources are scarce, when the results must be produced in a short period of time, and when the purpose of the interview is to get rapid feedback from members of the target population.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) Third approach is used when there is â€Å"no tape recording, but instead [the interviewer] takes detailed notes during the interview and draws on memory to expand and clarify the notes immediately after the interview. This approach is useful if time is short, the results are needed quickly, and the evaluation questions are simple.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) I decided to use the second approach. I was taking quick notes during the interview and then summarized them, both analyzing and synthesizing. Discussion of ethical issues As for the ethical issue, cross-cultural perspective should be applied. The interviewer should remember that the definition of privacy and private information is different across the nations and cultural groups. The researcher should also be aware of the cultural references and sensitive issue every culture has. There are certain norms of behaviour the interviewer has to observe carefully while interviewing the Chinese students. For instance, the Chinese do not use their hands while speaking, and will be annoyed if an interviewer does so. The representatives of this nation also dislike being touched by unknown people. There is also a heavy emphasis on repressing emotion, so the interviewer should hold back the emotions while conducting the interview. As for deeper ethical concerns, the interviewer should keep in mind that Chinese people have great sense of collectivism. Therefore, they may be unlikely to share the information that can discredit the communities they belong to or to characterize them as antisocial persons. Also, the Chinese have great respect for authority, so they can be reluctant to speak their mind on the issues related to governmental policies or school administration’s decisions and actions. Therefore, an open disclaimer was made concerning the fact that the interview results were to be kept highly anonymous and wouldn’t be used for other reasons than scientific. A promise not to pass the information to the third parties was made. Conclusion In this paper I conducted the comparative analysis of different qualitative research methods in order to choose the most appropriate one to the study of the experience of Chinese students in Britain. The main advantages of this method are richer data and information about various dimensions of the same problem, opportunity to assess affective and cognitive aspects of responses, the chance to communicate face-to-face, be flexible, and explain or clarify interview questions. The weaknesses of this method include its expensive and time-consuming nature, large volume of information, often with a large percent of irrelevant data included, and distortion of information due to recall error, selective perceptions, or desire to please interviewer. Another disadvantage discovered during the formulation of the research strategy was the need to take into account a variety of ethical issues and behavioural models. I can conclude that â€Å"[i]nterviews provide very different data from observations: they allow the evaluation team to capture the perspectives of project participants, staff, and others associated with the project.† (Frechtling Westat, 1997) References:

The Pyschodynamic perspective essays

The Pyschodynamic perspective essays Beginning in the latter part of the 17th century and carrying on into the early 1900's a new perspective was being developed to describe a person's personality and the ways that person would act. The origin of these theorists is possibly the most famous of all psychologists in Dr. Sigmund Freud, who characterized personality by conflict. Later Freud would develop a group of followers that would develop their own theories, most notably Carl Jung and his theory of Analytical Psychology. This perspective soon received much appeal from the general public because they were able to explain certain actions and traits to the common man. The godfather of Psychology was none other than Dr. Freud who revolutionized the psychology industry when he introduced his theories on Psychosexual development. The key behind his theories is that every person is controlled by external drives primarily sex and aggression, but also opposing forces that are hidden inside the person. To Illustrate this theory Freud used an image of and Iceberg, saying that only about 10% of the mind is conscious at any one time and that the majority of these forces were controlled by an unconscious force he called the Id, and the only forces a person is aware of is the ego and the superego which are naturally conflicting forces. In more detail, the Id is everything that gives the person pleasure, but it is not organized in any way and Dr. Freud said when translated " The id is Chaos" (Brill 184). The Ego on the other hand is the logical force that drives a person to reason rather than irrational decisions. Lastly the Superego, which develops thr ough your childhood, based solely on how you were raised. Being that you are affected largely by your parents morals and values as well as the traditional values of the society that helped shape your childhood. Freud also stated that because a person was to encounter these conflicts in every single stage of development and a ...

Lost Foam Casting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lost Foam Casting - Essay Example The pattern is made through the use of polystyrene foam. If the cast is to be made on the basis of a simple geometrical form, then the use of a hot wire foam cutter can be done. In case the volume of casting is large, then a mass production usage pattern is sued which is similar to the injection molding technique. The foam cluster done for the casting is coated with ceramic material via the use of brushing, dipping, flow casting and spraying. This form of coating is known as the refractory coating technique. After this coating dries, then the cast is put into a container and baked up on a vibration table with unbounded sand. The system of automatic pouring is significant in the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) because the pouring process is most critical in this form of casting technique (Youtube.com, 2013). The common metals that are used for casting in the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) are cast irons, nickel alloys, aluminum alloys, copper alloys, stainless steels and steels. The size of the cast ing ranges from 0.5 kg to hundreds of tons. The minimum thickness of the walls of the casts is 2.5 mm. There is no upper limit for the thickness of these types of castings. The linear tolerance of these casting is 0.005 mm/mm and the general surface finish ranges from 25 to 23 mm in RMS. There are different types of LFC employed in the arena of engineering and construction (Figure 3). There are many industrial applications of the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) technique. This casting process is commonly used in small scale and large scale engineering and manufacturing of products.

Services of DEX Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Services of DEX Media - Assignment Example Additionally, Dex Media prints directories for use in automobiles. These directories feature maps, shopping guides, entertainment lists, and telephone as well as address information for central business district. Similarly, Dex Media prints bilingual directories in English and Spanish for about 20 markets. On the other hand, Dex Media offers digital services including marketing on search engine and optimization, keyword implementation, social media marketing, tracking, and reporting. Since most customers did not use print directories frequently, Dex Media faced stiff competition from online businesses and hence launched its online directory assistance program with an enhanced and superior internet search system. The company used recent technology to reinforce search ability of its content in more than 240000 advertisement displays in the company’s directories in the yellow pages. The Dex Media’s search system offers multiple search choices in a single search box thereby allowing customers to search using product or brand names, hours of operation, and location. Dex Media’s online presence is on the Dex Knows.com and Superpages.com. In addition, it offers consumer digital services like search portals, applications, and directories. The company displays content in a number of platforms in partnerships with digital companies like Google, Bing, Yahoo, and many others. Again, Dex Media offers face book creation with automatic updates and guidance on social media

The Power of Religion Essay Example for Free

The Power of Religion Essay In a very rapidly evolving economy and society the power of religion, culture and politics are making a major effect on the world that everyone today calls home. The power of religion, culture and politics relate to the post colonial literary lens and can be synced into creating the definition of what the post colonial literary lens means. In the New York Times bestseller written by John Updike titled Terrorist, the post colonial lens is evident throughout the novel as there is a continuous struggle of religion, culture and politics. The power of religion and culture is shown as individuals are willing to risk their lives for their own religion. In the United States of America members of the Muslim religion are not always treated as equally as the average American and this creates a struggle. The effects and struggles are shown throughout the novel from three of the main characters Ahmad Mulloy, Jack Levy and Shaikh Rashid. Ahmad Mulloy is an eighteen year old boy who is about to graduate high school and is strongly influenced by his Muslim religion and background beliefs. Jack Levy is the guidance councilor at the school that Ahmad attends and sees the intelligence in Ahmad when others do not including Ahmad himself. Shaikh Rashid is the leader of the local mosque that Ahmad attends frequently for advice and to pray. Through these three very different characters the post colonial lens is shown in different ways. At the beginning of the novel it is evident that the Muslim religion is not welcomed and appreciated in the American society of Patterson, New Jersey where Ahmad has been raised. Ahmad has a hatred for his mother Teresa Mulloy who raised him from a child, but on the flip side he idolizes his absent father who left Ahmad and his mother when he was only three years old. The power of the Muslim religion on Ahmad is present right from the beginning of the novel as he has sexual impulses towards another girl at his high school named Joryleen. The power of the Muslim religion on Ahmad can be seen when â€Å"Ahmad knows it is a sin to be vulgar towards his own god and that is why his sexual impulses for Joryleen dissipated,† (Updike, 18). Ahmad had sexual impulses towards a fellow schoolmate Joryleen who he had a crush on but God instructed him to repress them as it is a sin to have thoughts like this occupying your head. The power of religion is shown as he forces himself to give up thoughts that make him happy and excites him because it is not welcomed by the God in which he finds himself in the arms of. Moving through the novel Ahmad who is a very intelligent young adult has a desire to be a truck driver as he is convinced that it is a practical skill of good merit. Ahmad is also very frightened by the thoughts that continuing his academic studies in high school will strengthen his occasional religious doubt. While Ahmad is sitting in class his thoughts are doubtful, â€Å"sitting in class listening to his fellow classmates discuss what they are doing on the weekend, he realizes that he is not doing as much to keep up with his religion as he did in the past,† (Updike, 64). Ahmad has been in school and is realizing that the effects of an American public high school is changing his views on his religion and in his mind he believes he is betraying his God and this frightens him. He realizes tha t he needs to get out of school because it is manipulating him into a non-Islamic minded American like all of the others. He decides to drop out of school and become a truck driver and focus more on his religion and practicing the Muslim religion and this is why he begins going to a local mosque frequently. Moving on towards the ending of the novel Ahmad has become a very big believer in the Muslim religion and it is overpowering his thoughts on what is politically right and right in his religion. Ahmad’s involvement in the local mosque that he attends has got him involved in a terrorist plot against American infidels or non-Muslims. Shaikh Rashid who is the leader of the mosque Ahmad visits frequently begins going through the terrorist plot â€Å"Ahmad you will be driving the truck that is going to be used to blow up the Lincoln Tunnel under the Hudson River,† (Updike, 196). Ahmad is willing to risk his life by blowing himself up in the blast of the Lincoln Tunnel for the Muslim religion he believes in and stands so strongly behind. The power and impact of others and God on Ahmad is evident in showing how the power of religion is used and shown in the novel as not many people are willing to go to the extent of killing themselves to prove that they are true to their religion and beliefs. Throughout the novel Ahmad goes from losing his beliefs in the Muslim religion to realizing that his religion is what sets him free from everybody else and it is what he cares so strongly about. Moving throughout the novel and after Ahmad had realized that he needs to put more focus into his Muslim religion he meets a man named Shaikh Rashid. Shaikh is Ahmad’s imam at the local mosque that Ahmad begins to attend and his visits become more frequent as he gets closer to Shaikh. This man worked as Ahmad’s imam and mentor and this kept Ahmad going back and back to the mosque more frequently as he liked to associate himself with Shaikh. A good time in the novel where this is shown is when Ahmad left school to go to the mosque, â€Å"the streets were empty as everybody was in class learning and as Ahmad was about to learn more about himself,† (104). Shaikh was a great mentor for Ahmad and this is shown as he would give up going to school to further his beliefs in the Muslim religion. Shaikh agrees with Ahmad’s decision to give up going to school and focus on his religion because he also agreed that by continuing the opportunity of going to school it wou ld further corrupt his mindset on the Muslim religion. This would occur because Ahmad would have more American based beliefs pushed into his mind every day at the public high school he was enrolled in. Continuing deeper into the novel Shaikh found Ahmad a job with a furniture company called Excellency Home Furnishings and at this point Ahmad began trusting Shaikh more and more as he was helping him move on from high school. Shaikh announced the news to Ahmad about him finding him the job at Excellency Home Furnishings and this lead to Ahmad being more independent and without his mother. Ahmad shows this when he says, â€Å"My mother has tried to strip me down of my true Muslim desires for her own comfort,† (141). Shaikh has made Ahmad believe that his mother was a bad influence on him as it is evident that she did not put any focus into his background and where he came from. Ahmad does not feel the need for his mother anymore and begins being more independent because his mother is the only person in his life and she does not believe in the Muslim religion. To Ahmad this means that it is just him and the people he knows from the mosque now as he sees them as more caring towards him than his own mother. The power of Ahmad’s religion has pushed him right out of his mother’s arms and into the arms of fellow Muslims at the mosque. Shaikh turns out to be a very manipulative person and has mentored Ahmad for his own benefit and the job at the furniture company just turns out to be part of the plan. Shaikh manipulates Ahmad to participate in the terrorist bomb plot to blow up the Lincoln Tunnel under the Hudson River. Shaikh has gotten Ahmad taken over by the Muslim religion and says, â€Å"Already you have lived longer than many martyrs in Iran and Iraq,† (195). Shaikh has used the power of religion to manipulate Ahmad into participating in the terrorist plot and sacrificing his own life. The power of the Muslim religion has taken Ahmad fully over and it had been pressured upon him by Shaikh who is also a strong believer. Ahmad has felt let down by both of his parents and feels as if there is no life left in him; this is his calling to be a true Muslim and to prove that he is a pure believer. Shaikh used the power of religion to get a young adult to sacrifice his life for something that he himself was to coward to do alone. Throughout the novel Shaikh uses the power of religion to manipulate a young adult to do things he never would have done on his own. The power of the Muslim religion is proven when Ahmad follows through on the sacrifice of his life even after he finds out that is was staged. Lastly, the power of religion on Ahmad can also be seen through the interactions with the guidance councilor of the high school where Ahmad was attending. Jack Levy is an American Jew who had abandoned practicing his religion earlier on in his life. Jack in the novel showed that he cared for Ahmad quite a bit after visiting his mother to try and get her support in pushing Ahmad to further educate himself at the college level as he is very intelligent. Jack comes across as a nice and caring guy as he is trying to help Ahmad make the right choice in his life as shown when he goes to talk to his mother Teresa Mulloy â€Å"hello Ms. Mulloy, I am Jack Levy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (176). Jack and Ahmad’s mother both agreed into trying to push Ahmad towards going to college but Ahmad disagreed. He thought about what abandoning his religion got Jack and it got him nowhere, he became one of many Americans who is in an unhealthy marriage and lives every day of his life facing coming home to an o bese wife. To Ahmad he cannot abandon his religion because putting more belief into it has changed who he is and how he does things. He is not risking of getting this happiness and freedom that he sees in the Muslim religion taken from him by going to college. Moving on into the conflict between Jack and Ahmad, each of them learn more about each other and many things come as surprise to both of them. One of the things that Ahmad learns about Jack is that he has been having an affair with his mother for the past three months. Ahmad learns this when Jack tries to have an honest conversation with him and says, â€Å"I have been having an affair with your mother for the last three months,† (213). This is the last string for Ahmad as he sees that Jack abandoning his religion has turned him into a sinner and a cheater as he cheated on his wife. The last thing that Ahmad wants is to turn out like Jack and share the same American non-Islamic beliefs. At this point Jack realizes that what he has just told Ahmad has pushed him further away and his mind more on continuing his religious practice. The power of the Muslim religion on Ahmad has him unwilling to turn into and die a sinner and thus is why he continues in his terrorist plot. Coming towards the end of the novel Ahmad is not looking back and has no regrets. He continues his trek to blow up the Lincoln Tunnel under the Hudson River. Nothing can stop him at this point and this is seen when â€Å"Ahmad while approaching the meeting point in the bomb-laden truck does not see his accomplices,† (274). On the day of the planned terrorist plot Ahmad’s accomplices are not at the planned meeting place but the mission must continue in Ahmad’s mind. Ahmad avoids being arrested by federal agents and continues his suicide mission alone as he has no intentions of turning around. Jack hears about this planned plot and tries to stop Ahmad but is ignored as Ahmad drives past him. At this point for Ahmad it is sacrificing his life because to him it is the right thing to do as his God is telling him to do it. He had two choices to continue the mission or to stop and turn out like the other American non-Islamic people and he did not want to turn out like them. The power of religion upon Ahmad is very evident and Jack Levy is used to show that nobody could stop Ahmad as the power of his beliefs caused him to get involved with criminal activity but it is what the Muslim God wanted for him. Finally, the aspects of the post colonial lens such as the power of religion, culture and politics are very evident in this novel. The power behind the belief in the Muslim religion is shown through Ahmad as the novel progresses and it is evident that no religion should be challenged. The struggle of American non-Islamic citizens on a true believer of the Islamic Muslim religion is seen throughout the novel. Evident characters in the novel that fall victim to these struggles are Ahmad, Shaikh and Jack. Ahmad was the biggest person in the novel that was influenced by the Muslim religion and proves that religion is very powerful as shows the willingness to sacrifice his life for his God. Shaikh is the main person involved in Ahmad’s life as he taught him a lot about himself and motivated him also. Although seen the motivation not always to be a good thing in his mind it was right, he strongly believed that. Jack is the one who saw well in Ahmad but failed to be able to help him because at this point Jack was only fueling Ahmad’s terrorist plot activity. Throughout the novel the power of religion surprises everybody and it is proof that nobody should challenge another person’s beliefs because it is infuriating and this is shown through Ahmad’s activities towards the end of the novel. Works Cited Updike, John. Terrorist. New York: The Random House Publishing Group. 2006. 310.

The Single Life :: essays research papers

The Single Life A typical single Person in the media is usually portrayed falsely in my opinion. They are shown living daily with basically no worries. If they were burdened with something, it is not significant, and is usually ridiculously non-important. An example is that they only seemed to be worried with is finding dates. If that is the worst thing I have to be worried with when I’m older, then I’m not too scared about getting older or being single. On many T.V. shows the main focus of an episode has to do with a guy looking for a girlfriend, or girl looking for a boyfriend. That doesn’t happen in real life. I mean sure people look for dates of to get hooked up, but it doesn’t occupy their whole mindset. It seems that on T.V. single people have no responsibilities. They always focus on insignificant materialistic things. Clothing, jewelry, and money are the main topic of discussion or concern. Single people seem quite independent on shows. They appear free to run around freely, unburdened by commitment. On â€Å"Friends† they seem to have plenty of time to sit around and talk about things all day long. And of course there is â€Å"Seinfield†, the ultimate show about absolutely nothing. None of them are married, but they are portrayed as living perfectly happy with the smallest of problems. They are portrayed usually as sexually active, and make it seem ok to sleep around. Almost every T.V. show has someone sleeping with another person. It is made into a joke to be a tramp. T.V. has gone from Leave it to Beaver where the parents slept in separate beds, to now where unmarried couples and strangers sleep together I think this is a bad example for the single people of our society. It sets the tone that people will be ok if they’re single. Of course the world will not end if some people are single, but we want to strive to have people married.